| Background： |
CD95 (APO-1/Fas) is an important inducer of the extrinsic apoptosis signaling pathway and therapy induced apoptosis of many tumor cells has been linked to the activity of CD95. is a prototype death receptor characterized by the presence of an 80 amino acid death domain in its cytoplasmic tail. This domain is essential for the recruitment of a number of signaling components upon activation by either agonistic anti-CD95 antibodies or cognate CD95 ligand that initiate apoptosis. The complex of proteins that forms upon triggering of CD95 is called the death-inducting signaling complex (DISC). The DISC consists of an adaptor protein and initiator caspases and is essential for induction of apoptosis. CD95 is also crucial for the negative selection of B cells within the germinal center (GC). Impairment of CD95-mediated apoptosis results in defective affinity maturation and the persistence of autoreactive B-cell clones. Changes in the expression of CD95 and/or its ligand CD95L are frequently found in human cancer. The downregulation or mutation of CD95 has been proposed as a mechanism by which cancer cells avoid destruction by the immune system through reduced apoptosis sensitivity. Thus, CD95 has therefore been viewed as a tumor suppressor. CD95 has been reported to be involved in the activation of NF-kappaB, MAPK3/ERK1, MAPK8/JNK, and the alternate pathways for CTL-mediated cytotoxicity. Accordingly, this protein is implicated in the pathogenesis of various malignancies and diseases of the immune system. The CD95/CD95L system was implicated in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) based, primarily, on the finding that CD95 is highly expressed in the intestinal epithelial cells and that epithelial apoptosis is increased in IBD. |
| Alternate Names： |
APT, TNR, CD antigen CD, Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member, TNFRSF, APO, ALPS1A, APO-1, APT1, CD95, FAS1, FASTM, TNFRSF6, FAS, APO1, FASR, TNFRSF6 and FAS, TNR6, Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6, Apo-1 antigen, Apoptosis-mediating surface antigen FAS, FASLG receptor, CD antigen CD95, APO-1, APT1, FASTM, TNFRSF6, ALPS 1A, APO 1, Apo 1 antigen, APO 1 cell surface antigen, Apo1 antigen, APO1 cell surface antigen, Apoptosis antigen 1, Apoptosis mediating surface antigen FAS, APT 1, CD 95, CD 95 antigen, CD95 antigen, Delta Fas, Delta Fas/APO 1/CD95, Delta Fas/APO1/CD95, Fas (TNF receptor superfamily, FAS 1, FAS 827dupA, Fas AMA, FAS Antigen, Fas cell surface death receptor, FAS/CD95, member 6, member 6), sFAS, Surface antigen APO1, TNF receptor superfamily, TNFRSF 6 |
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